When DICOM Application Entities participate in the exchange of information by the interchange of Storage Media, they perform through the DICOM File Service a number of Media Storage Services:
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M-WRITE, to create new files in a File-set and assign them a File ID;
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M-READ to read existing files based on their File ID;
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M-DELETE to delete existing files based on their File ID;
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M-INQUIRE FILE-SET to inquire free space available for creating new files within the File-set;
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M-INQUIRE FILE to inquire date and time of file creation (or last update if applicable) for any file within the File-set.
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- The non-support of such file update capabilities to the DICOMDIR File may simply result in having to delete and create a new file in order to keep the directory information consistent. If the content of a file needs to be updated or changed by an FSU, it is considered by this Part of the DICOM Standard as an M-DELETE Operation followed by an M.
A DICOM Application Entity may take one or more of the following three roles:
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File-set Creator (FSC). Such an Application Entity, exercises this role by means of M-WRITE Operations to create the DICOMDIR File (see Section 8.6) and zero or more DICOM Files;
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File-set Reader (FSR). Such an Application Entity, exercises this role by means of M-READ Operations to access one or more Files in a File-set. A File-set Reader shall not modify any of the files of the File-set (including the DICOMDIR File);
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File-set Updater (FSU). Such an Application Entity, exercises this role by means of M-READ, M-WRITE, and M-DELETE Operations. It reads, but shall not modify, the content of any of the DICOM files in a File-set except for the DICOMDIR File. It may create additional Files by means of an M-WRITE or delete existing Files in a File-set by means of an M-DELETE.
Note
Although a File-set Updater (FSU) may include the functions corresponding to a File-set Creator (FSC) and a File-set Reader (FSR), it is not required that implementations supporting an FSU role also support an FSC or an FSR role.
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The use of the concept of roles in DICOM Conformance Statements will result in a more precise expression of the capabilities of implementations supporting DICOM Media Storage. Conforming implementations shall support one of the following choices:
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File-set Creator,
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File-set Reader,
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File-set Creator and File-set Reader,
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File-set Updater,
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File-set Updater and File-set Creator,
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File-set Updater and File-set Reader,
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File-set Updater, File-set Creator and File-set Reader.
Based on the roles supported by a DICOM Application Entity, the DICOM File Service shall support the Media Operations defined in Table 8.3-1.
Table 8.3-1. Media Operations and Roles
Media Operations Roles
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M-WRITE
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M-READ
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M-DELETE
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M-INQUIRE FILE-SET
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M-INQUIRE FILE
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
FSC
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Mandatory
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Not required
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Not required
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Mandatory
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Not required
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FSR
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Not required
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Mandatory
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Not required
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Not required
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Mandatory
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FSC+FSR
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Not required
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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FSU
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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FSU+FSC
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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FSU+FSR
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
|
Mandatory
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Mandatory
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FSU+FSC+FSR
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Mandatory
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Note
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Media Preparation is outside the scope of this Part of the DICOM Standard. However it is assumed to be performed by the FS Creator.
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The DICOM File Service does not require that file update capabilities (e.g., append) be supported by every Media Format Definition selected. The non-support of such file update capabilities to the DICOMDIR File may simply result in having to delete and create a new file in order to keep the directory information consistent.
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If the content of a file needs to be updated or changed by an FSU, it is considered by this Part of the DICOM Standard as an M-DELETE Operation followed by an M-WRITE Operation. The FSU is responsible for ensuring the internal consistency of the File and its conformance to PS3.10 and the specific SOP Class stored, exactly as if the FSU was creating a new File. In particular, if an FSU implementation needs to update the file content but is not able to recognize and fully process the content of the File Preamble (see Section 7.1), it may consider setting the first four bytes of the Preamble to 'DICM' followed by 124 bytes to 00H. This would avoid introducing inconsistencies between the content of the File Preamble and the remainder of the file content. An example of this situation may occur when a TIFF IFD 0 Offset in the File Preamble points at a further TIFF IFD embedded in the DICOM Data Set, and the update operation changes the location of this embedded TIFF IFD.
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NEW ORLEANS (AP) — The group that manages Gulf of Mexico fishing in federal waters says states can keep managing anglers’ catch of red snapper after this year. The popular sport and table fish is still recovering from nearly disastrous overfishing.
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The Gulf of Mexico Fisheries Management Council announced the decision Thursday in Biloxi, Mississippi.
Louisiana’s Department of Wildlife and Fisheries called the decision a major victory for the state’s private anglers.
Environmental groups said, however, that more work was needed to prevent overfishing because each state counts its recreational catch differently. That makes it “difficult to know just how much fishing for red snapper is actually occurring across the Gulf,” said Meredith Moore of the Ocean Conservancy.
“We think it really could work. But the really technical data issue has got to be cracked,” she said.
Sepp Haukebo, manager of private angler reform for the Environmental Defense Fund, expressed cautious optimism.
“As a Gulf angler myself I am hopeful, but guarded as we move toward a solution that should allow us to spend more time fishing for red snapper and less time arguing over them,” he said in a news release.
Louisiana officials say the data, despite the limitations, is an improvement over previous National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration fisheries data, and the states are working to improve it still more.
“Each state’s data collection program has been certified or otherwise accepted by NOAA Fisheries and the Gulf Council as the best scientific information available,” Patrick Banks, Louisiana’s assistant secretary of fisheries, said in a statement emailed to The Associated Press.
Red snapper has been a hot issue in the Gulf, with seasons getting shorter and shorter as fish got bigger and more numerous. In 2017, the Trump administration extended a three-day season to 42 days, even though regulators said the extension could add up to six years to the time required for red snapper stocks to recover.
Last year, regulators agreed on a two-year pilot program under which each state sets dates for and keeps tabs on the recreational red snapper catch in federal waters off its coast. If approved by the U.S. commerce secretary, this would become official policy.
The federal government still regulates commercial and charter boat catches.
Although charter boat captains aren’t affected, Shane Cantrell, executive director of the Charter Fisherman’s Association of Surfside, Texas, called the decision awesome.
“It’s been very much needed, and I think the states are best positioned to regulate the private anglers,” he said.
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Each year, commercial boats are allocated 51% of the total quota for red snapper. Private anglers are allocated about 58% of the remainder, with the rest available for charter boats. This year, 2.8 million pounds (1.3 million kilograms) are available to people who go out in chartered fishing boats, with nearly 4.3 million pounds (1.9 million kilograms) for anglers on their own.
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And while the recreational anglers’ quota used to be Gulf-wide, it is now divided by state, with each state responsible for setting the dates for each season.
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Any Gulf state that goes over its quota will have it subtracted from the following year’s quota. If it catches less, the uncaught amount can be carried over, Louisiana’s news release said.
Banks said the Gulf-wide system often hurt Louisiana anglers because better weather off Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi gave anglers there a better chance.
“Now we have a certain amount of fish reserved just for us,” he said in the news release. “Our Wildlife and Fisheries Commission sets the season for our anglers to catch that set amount of fish and they can set that season whenever they want that best fits our anglers and ensures responsible harvest levels.”